William
Harvey was born in England in 1578.
After earning a degree at Cambridge University at the age of twenty,
he journeyed to Italy to study medicine at the University of Padua.
Padua was the center for western European medical instruction at that
time. Harvey graduated with honors in 1602 and returned to England where
he earned yet another medical degree from Cambridge University.
He
then settled down to begin practicing medicine. Harvey was fascinated
by the way blood flowed through the human body. Most people of the day
believed that food was converted into blood by the liver, then was consumed
as fuel by the body. Harvey knew this was untrue through his firsthand
observations of human and animal dissections.
In
1628 Harvey
published An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood
in Animals which explained how blood was pumped from the heart throughout
the body, then returned to the heart and recirculated. The views this
book expressed were very controversial and lost Harvey many patients,
but it became the basis for all modern research on the heart and blood
vessels.
A
second ground-breaking book published by Harvey in 1651, Essays on
the Generation of Animals, is considered the basis for modern embryology.
Despite the uproar over each of Harvey's unconventional anatomical theories,
he was recognized as a medical leader in his day.
He
was doctor to King Charles I of England and was appointed doctor of
physic at Oxford. At the time of his death in 1657, Harvey's medical and
scientific genius were celebrated throughout the European medical community.
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